Article

Received 01.09.2025

Revised 20.11.2025

Accepted 29.12.2025

Retrieved from Vol. 28, No. 2, 2025

Pages 76 -93

Khaustov, O., & Liubarskyi, B. (2025). Optimization of energy storage parameters of electric buses charged at terminal stops. The National Transport University Bulletin: A Scientific and Technical Journal, 28(2), 76-93. https://doi.org/110.32703/2617-9040-2025-46-6

Optimization of energy storage parameters of electric buses charged at terminal stops

Oleksandr Khaustov Borys Liubarskyi

The paper developed a methodology for determining the optimal parameters of a combined energy storage for an electric bus based on solving a conditional minimization problem taking into account the driving mode, route parameters, and weight and size restrictions when charging the storage at the final stops of the route. The practical significance of the work lies in determining the parameters of combined energy storage for an electric bus using the example of a multi-component energy storage. Analysis of the results of the study on solving the optimization problem proved that for economical driving on routes 4 and 10, three-component storage with 1 branch with LTO cells and 28 branches with LFP cells and 1 branch  of  supercapacitors  are  optimal.  For  driving  in  intermediate  and  high-speed  modes,  two-component storage with the parameters: 2 branches with LTO cells and 15 branches with LFP cells and 1 branch with LTO cells and 47 branches with LFP cells, respectively, are optimal. For the obstacle mode, a storagedevice operating in the “high-speed” mode is sufficient for 10 routes, however, for the 4th route, which requires higher energy consumption, it is necessary to use a mono-component LFP -element storage device with 81 branches

traction drive; energy storage; electric bus; trolleybus; parameter optimization; objective function
  1. Kondratyeva, L. Yu., & Ryabov, E. S. (2022). Preliminary analysis of options for building an on-board energy storage system for an electric locomotive. Theoretical and Practical Research of Young Scientists: Proceedings of the XVI International Scientific and Practical Conference of Master's and PhD Students (p. 421). Kharkiv: NTU “KhPI”. https://science.kname.edu.ua/images/dok/konferentsii/2025/Tezi%20konferencij%202025/Materiali_KONFERENCIA_22_24_ZOVTNA_2025.pdf. [in Ukrainian]
  2. Kondratieva, L., Overianova, L., Tkachenko, V., Riabov, I., & Demydov, O. (2024). Simulation of the operation of the on-board energy storage in the tractional system of a quarry locomotive. Transport Systems and Technologies, (43), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.32703/2617-9059-2024-43-11
  3. Goolak, S., Kondratieva, L., Riabov, I., Keršys, A., & Makaras, R. (2023). Research and optimization of hybrid on-board energy storage system of an electric locomotive for quarry rail transport. Energies, 16(7), 3293. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16073293
  4. Qualification work. (n.d.). ELARTU Institutional Repository of Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University. https://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/bitstream/lib/43534/2/Кваліфікаційна%20робота.pdf. [in Ukrainian]
  5. Babiy, M. V., Dolynnyi, A. V., & Kostyuk, E. R. (2019). Setting the main tasks of organizing trolleybus transportation. Proceedings of the VIII International Scientific and Technical Conference of Young Scientists and Students “Actual Problems of Modern Technologies” (Vol. 1, pp. 159–160). Ternopil: TNTU. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/lib/30758. [in Ukrainian]
  6. KP “Electroavtotrans”. (n.d.). Official website. http://eat.if.ua/. [in Ukrainian]
  7. Hnatov, A., Argun, Sch., & Bykova, Ye. (2016). Electric bus on supercapacitors for urban transportation. Bulletin of the Kharkiv National Automobile and Road University, (72), 29–34. https://europub.co.uk/articles/-A-164844. [in Ukrainian]
  8. Vehicle Emission Standards. (2016). Retrieved September 3, 2018, from https://infrastructure.gov.au/vehicles/environment/emission/index.aspx
  9. Khaustov, O. (2025). Choosing the type of cells for a multi-component energy storage system for an electric bus that is charged at a depot. Energy Saving. Energy. Energy Audit, 9(212), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2025.09.04. [in Ukrainian]
  10. National Commission for State Regulation in the Spheres of Energy and Utilities. (2015, February 26). On Setting Tariffs for Electricity Sold to the Population (Resolution No. 220). https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0231-15#Text. [in Ukrainian]
  11. Soroka, K. O., & Lychov, D. O. (2017). Increasing the efficiency of electric transport operations through control and optimization of speed regimes. Bulletin of NTU “KhPI”, 27(1249), 289–293. [in Ukrainian]
  12. Soroka, K. O., & Lychov, D. O. (2015). Meaningful model and equations of electric transport movement. Bulletin of the Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, 3(57), 97–106. https://doi.org/10.15802/stp2015/46056. [in Ukrainian]
  13. Yinlong Energy. (n.d.). Yinlong battery. https://www.yinlong.energy/yinlong-battery#footer
  14. Enerprof. (n.d.). Enerpower 26650 LiFePO₄ 3.2V 3000mAh 10C. https://enerprof.de/en/lifepo4-batteries/lifepo4-battery-cells/lifepo4-battery-cells-26650/36/enerpower-26650-lifepo4-3.2v-3000mah-10c
  15. Maxwell Technologies. (2021). New 2.7V 3000F Cell Datasheet. https://maxwell.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/3003279.2_Final-DS_New-2.7V-3000F-Cell_20210406.pdf
  16. Nikulina, O. M., Severyn, V. P., & Kotsiuba, N. V. (2020). Development of information technology for optimizing the control of complex dynamic systems. Bulletin of the National Technical University “KhPI”. Series: System Analysis, Management and Information Technologies, 2(4), 63–69. https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/50285. [in Ukrainian]
  17. Severyn, V. P., & Nikulina, O. M. (2023). Methods and algorithms of multidimensional unconditional optimization: A textbook. Kharkiv: NTU “KhPI”. https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/67856. [in Ukrainian]
  18. Nikulina, O. M., & Severyn, V. P. (2024). Numerical methods for modeling and optimization of control of dynamic systems: A textbook. Kharkiv: NTU “KhPI”. https://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/73689. [in Ukrainian]
  19. Liubarskyi, B., Iakunin, D., Nikonov, O., Liubarskyi, D., & Yeritsyan, B. (2022). Optimizing geometric parameters for the rotor of a traction synchronous reluctance motor assisted by partitioned permanent magnets. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 2(8(116)), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.254373
  20. Khaustov, O., & Liubarskyi, B. (2025). Optimization of quasi-steady-state operating modes of synchronous jet motors with permanent magnets for electric buses. Energy Saving. Energy. Energy Audit, 3(206), 16–30. https://doi.org/10.20998/2313-8890.2025.03.02. [in Ukrainian]

https://doi.org/110.32703/2617-9040-2025-46-6